Moreover, acceleration and force for each trial were calculated. The velocity of the cart was determined using the flowing equation.įor different masses m, times 1 and 2 were tabulated and v1 and v2 calculated from respective trials. The distance L was determined by measuring the distance it takes for the moving cart to turn on and off the timer. The timer was used to record time 1 (t 1) and time 2 (t 2), which are times that the cart took to pass through photogates 1 and 2, respectively. The photogate and timer were used in measuring acceleration. The masses of the mass holder and cart were measured and tabulated. The experiment was commenced by placing all masses the hanging mass holder then gradually decreased by removing them, then placing them on the cart of the air track to ensure that there is a constant mass. The air track was set to move on a frictionless flat surface and connected to a hanging mass by a string via a pulley. The experiment increased force (F) by increasing m and decreasing M while making the total mass constant as M + m, as in equation 3. Since a string connects masses M and m, and they accelerate together in response to the same force, they all contribute to the relationship between force and mass. Mass m generates the force (F) when pulled by gravitational acceleration (g) to accelerate mass M along the surface. Figure 1 above illustrates the set up of the experiment to demonstrate Newton’s second law of motion. Equipment/MaterialsĪccording to Newton’s second law of motion, an object with a fixed mass (m) will have a uniform acceleration (a) when it experiences a net force (F).Īs the experiment fixed the mass and varied the force, it demonstrated that force and acceleration have a positive correlation. The objective of the experiment is to demonstrate Newton’s second law of motion that the acceleration of an object with fixed mass is directly proportional to the net force applied to it.
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